Atrophie Blanche: Small, ivory or white scar-like areas with surrounding hyperpigmentation, often found in patients with CVI and a history of venous ulcers.

Calf muscle pump: Functional result of the calf muscle surrounding the deep venous system and compressing the veins during plantarflexion by contracting the muscle to assist with venous return to the heart.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): A condition characterized by inadequate venous blood flow due to valve dysfunction or vein wall abnormalities, potentially leading to venous hypertension and tissue damage.

Compression Therapy: The use of bandages, stockings, or pneumatic devices to improve venous return, reduce edema, and promote healing of venous ulcers.

Debridement: The removal of necrotic or devitalized tissue from the wound bed to promote healing, manage biofilm, and prevent infection.

Edema: Swelling caused by fluid retention in tissues, frequently seen in patients with venous insufficiency and a contributing factor to ulcer formation.

Exudate: Fluid, often containing proteins and cellular debris, that leaks from wounds; excessive exudate can impair VLU healing if not managed properly.

Hemosiderin Staining: A brownish discoloration of the skin caused by the breakdown of red blood cells and deposition of hemosiderin pigment, often present around VLUs.

Lipodermatosclerosis: Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue associated with chronic venous insufficiency, characterized by hardening and discoloration around the ulcer site.

Varicosities: Abnormally dilated, tortuous, gnarled, or enlarged veins.

Venous Hypertension: Elevated pressure within the venous system resulting from valve incompetence, obstruction, or failure of the calf muscle pump, which can contribute to VLU formation.

Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU): A chronic wound occurring on the lower leg, commonly over the medial malleolus, caused by venous insufficiency and impaired venous return.

Venous Reflux: The backward flow of blood in veins due to incompetent valves, a primary cause of venous hypertension and ulcer development.