Arteriography: Also called angiography, this technique is the medical imaging of blood vessels to look for aneurysm and stenosis.

Hemosiderin staining: Hemosiderin staining results in a red, ruddy appearance on the lower leg and ankle. This appearance is caused when red blood cells are broken down and not removed adequately as a result of venous insufficiency or another medical condition.

Phlebectomy: A minimally invasive procedure (usually outpatient) to remove varicose veins located near the surface of the skin.

Phlebitis: A term to describe the inflammation of a vein. It can occur with or without a blood clot and is marked by redness, warmth, and pain in the infected area. Sclerotherapy: A type of therapy that can be used to treat varicose and spider veins. This treatment injects a solution directly into the vein and causes it to scar. The process forces blood to then flow through healthier veins.

Stasis ulcers: Another term for venous leg ulcers, these wounds are caused by poor blood flow in the leg veins and are normally located along the medial or distal lower limbs.

Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation in the vein resulting from the presence of one or more blood clots. Similar to non-thrombotic phlebitis, this condition is marked by redness, warmth, and pain in the affected area.

Vein ablation: The process of cauterizing varicose veins so that they close. It is minimally invasive and leaves no scars.

Venogram: A procedure that allows clinicians to see the veins in the body, particularly in the legs, by using a special dye that can appear on X-ray imaging.

Venotonics: A class of medicinal agents that can be used to address venous diseases and disorders, especially venous insufficiency.

Venous dermatitis: A condition marked by skin discoloration in the lower legs and ankles, itching, thickened skin, and potentially ulcers. It is caused by fluid buildup in response to venous insufficiency or cardiovascular problems.

Venous reflux: A condition marked by venous valves that do not function adequately. The blood flow reverses back through the valves when sitting or standing.